request:获取请求数据
response:设置响应数据
ServletRequest Java提供的请求对象根接口
HttpServletRequest Java提供的对Http协议封装的请求对象接口
RequestFacade Tomcat定义的实现类
我们将这个对象打印出来验证一下
@WebServlet("/ServletDemo1")
public class ServletDemo1 extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {System.out.println(request);//org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade@70d82d10//HttpServletRequest是根接口,RequestFacade是实现类}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doGet(request, response);}
}
HTTP请求数据总共分为三部分内容,分别是请求行、请求头、请求体。
@WebServlet(value = "/req02")
public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//get请求 请求数据分为请求行和请求头//请求头分为三部分:请求方式、请求资源路径和http协议//请求头是key-value形式//将请求数据解析为request,所以我们要从request中获取数据//请求方式String method = request.getMethod();System.out.println("method = " + method);//项目名String contextPath = request.getContextPath();System.out.println("contextPath = " + contextPath);//URI(项目名+资源路径)String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();System.out.println("requestURI = " + requestURI);//URL(统一资源标识符)StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();System.out.println("requestURL = " + requestURL);//获取请求参数String queryString = request.getQueryString();System.out.println("queryString = " + queryString);//因为是key-value形式的,所以用key获取值String useragent = request.getHeader("user-agent");System.out.println("useragent = " + useragent);}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//post请求//doGet(request, response);//因为post请求的请求参数在请求体的最后一行(注意是一行)//我们要先获取流来取得参数//这个流不用自己关BufferedReader reader = request.getReader();String s = reader.readLine();System.out.println("s = " + s);}
}
上面介绍了获取请求数据的方式,但是get和Post他们的请求参数放的位置不一致,(如果是GET请求,请求参数在请求行中; 如果是POST请求,请求参数一般在请求体中)所以分开来获取,但是太过于麻烦,我们可以用通用的方式获取请求参数。
@WebServlet(value = "/req03")
public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//get请求//get和post请求只有获取请求参数有不一致的地方,所以要分开,分为doGet和doPost//为了统一doGet和doPost,有了新的获取请求参数的方式,将username=zhangsan这种形式转为key-value,值多个时,用String数组//中文乱码问题//在tomcat8之后,get请求是支持中文,但是post不支持//所以要将post的编码方式改为utf8//因为doGet和doPost要统一,所以在doGet中判断一下请求方式,如果是post则进行修改String method = request.getMethod();if("post".equalsIgnoreCase(method)){request.setCharacterEncoding("utf8");//utf8、utf-8和UTF-8是一样的}//1.获取单个值String username = request.getParameter("username");System.out.println("username = " + username);//2.获取多个值String[] values = request.getParameterValues("hobby");System.out.println(Arrays.toString(values));//3.获取所有的mapMap map = request.getParameterMap();map.forEach((key,value)->{System.out.println(key+"::"+Arrays.toString(value));});}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//post请求System.out.println("post请求");doGet(request, response);}
}
请求转发(forward):一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式。
请求转发的特点:
浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
只能转发服务器内部的资源,不能转发外部资源
一次请求,可以在多个资源使用request共享资源
AServlet
@WebServlet(value = "/a")
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//get请求//请求转发,只需要request就可以进行,好比说张三来向我节300块,我没有,我去向李四借,最后把借来的钱借给张三,张三并不知道我的钱是借的//请求转发的特点,浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化//只能转发服务器内部的资源,不能转发外部资源//一次请求,可以在多个资源使用request共享资源//getRequestDispatcher()中填写转发的路径(不用带"/")//forward(request,response) 将request,response这两个参数传递System.out.println("a资源");request.setAttribute("name","zhangsan");request.getRequestDispatcher("b").forward(request,response);}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//post请求doGet(request, response);}
}
BServlet
@WebServlet(value = "/b")
public class BServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//get请求System.out.println("b资源");}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//post请求doGet(request, response);}
}
ServletResponse Java提供的请求对象根接口
HttpServletResponse Java提供的对Http协议封装的请求对象接口
ResponseFacade Tomcat定义的实现类
响应数据分为:响应行、响应头和响应体
@WebServlet(value = "/ServletDemo4")
public class
ServletDemo4 extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//get请求//response用来返回数据,结构层次:ServletResponse接口->HttpServletResponse接口->ResponseFacade实现类//设置响应行response.setStatus(404,"haha");//设置响应头//可以随意设置响应头的内容,但是不被认可,没有意义response.setHeader("ppp","666");response.setHeader("content-type","text/html");}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//post请求doGet(request, response);}
}
@WebServlet(value = "/ServletDemo5")
public class ServletDemo5 extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//get请求//设置乱码:两步:1.设置响应类型为text/html,2.设置html文本编码方式为utf8 charset=utf-8 中间用;隔开//注意设置中文一般放在第一步response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");//请求体PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();//可以响应数据了writer.write("hellohellohello");//响应中文(出现乱码)writer.write("你好");//响应htmlwriter.write("你好
");//响应jswriter.write("");//我们不需要关闭PrintWriter流,因为response会为我们关闭,是他调用的,所以他来关闭,谁的事情谁来干}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//post请求doGet(request, response);}
}
特点:
浏览器地址路径会发生变化
可以重定向到任意位置的资源(内部,外部均可)
两次请求,不能共享数据
CServlet
@WebServlet(value = "/c")
public class CServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//get请求//重定向 好比说张三微信来问我借300块,我没有,我告诉他说李四有,并给了他李四的地址//浏览器地址路径会发生变化//可以重定向到任意位置的资源(内部,外部均可)//两次请求,不能共享数据System.out.println("c资源");//sendRedirect(); ()里写资源路径,不用写"/"// 因为涉及到相对路径和绝对路径//在浏览器中: /开头是绝对路径,从localhost:端口号开始,会缺少项目访问路径// 没有”/“是相对路径,用当前路径作为参照,只会改变最后的路径名,不会缺少项目访问路径//浏览器使用时不加"/"//服务端使用时://请求转发:加不加都可以//重定向:不加"/" 为了方便,我们浏览器和服务器都不加response.sendRedirect("d");//重定向到外部//response.sendRedirect("http://www.baidu.com");}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//post请求doGet(request, response);}
}
DServlet
@WebServlet(value = "/d")
public class DServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//get请求System.out.println("d资源");}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//post请求doGet(request, response);}
}
@WebServlet(value = "/ServletDemo6")
public class ServletDemo6 extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//get请求//字节输出流ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("src\\main\\webapp\\imgs\\reg_bg_min.jpg");/*这一步太麻烦,我们可以导入commons-io来使用工具类byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 8];int len;while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){outputStream.write(bytes,0,len);}*///outputStream是response打开的,我们不管,我们开了inputStream,由我们来关闭//工具类IOUtils.copy(inputStream,outputStream);inputStream.close();}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {//post请求doGet(request, response);}
}
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