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　　文 | Hehson财经 李欣然

　　在气候变化深刻重塑世界格局、可持续发展目标进程面临严峻挑战的今天，如何通过系统性变革推动全球向绿色、韧性、包容的未来转型，已成为国际社会的核心议题。基础设施作为经济社会运行的基石，既是温室气体排放的主要来源，也是实现气候行动与发展目标的关键载体；AI等新兴技术既带来能效革命的机遇，也潜藏着加剧不平等的风险；而全球治理在资金、政策与实施之间的多重缺口，更凸显了从承诺到落地之间的艰难跨越。

　　在这一复杂背景下，Hehson财经对话了联合国副秘书长兼联合国项目事务署（United Nations Office for Project Services，以下简称UNOPS）执行主任豪尔赫·莫雷拉•达席尔瓦（Jorge Moreira da Silva）。他基于UNOPS在全球项目实施一线的丰富经验，从基础设施转型、技术治理、实施效能与国际合作等多个维度，系统阐述了当前全球可持续发展进程中的关键挑战与破局路径。

      基础设施决策的转型机遇：整合气候目标与发展需求

　　莫雷拉•达席尔瓦强调，基础设施一方面造成了约79%的温室气体排放、消耗了88%的气候适应资金，另一方面它也影响着高达92%的联合国可持续发展目标的实现。莫雷拉•达席尔瓦指出，为达成《巴黎协定》和可持续发展目标，必须在基础设施的规划、交付和管理方式上立即开展根本性变革。在莫雷拉•达席尔瓦看来，当今的基础设施选择将决定各社区能否引领世界走向更可持续、更具韧性与包容的未来。

　　莫雷拉•达席尔瓦认为，当前存在一个独特机遇，可使基础设施决策与全球及国家气候目标保持一致。这需要纳入包容性、基于权利的气候行动，以推进气候适应工作，加速向低碳未来转型，并确保不让任何人掉队。莫雷拉•达席尔瓦进一步指出，基于自然的基础设施解决方案有助于应对可持续发展挑战和“三重地球危机”，因为基于自然的解决方案能对联合国17项可持续发展目标中高达79%的具体目标产生积极影响。

　　莫雷拉•达席尔瓦着重阐明，基础设施是清洁能源转型的关键，并强调必须显著降低其碳足迹，支持能源、交通、建筑等领域的脱碳进程。莫雷拉•达席尔瓦表示，联合国项目事务署致力于通过多方协作确保人人获得可负担的可持续能源，并以公正、包容、公平的方式支持远离化石燃料的转型行动。最后莫雷拉•达席尔瓦指出，依托其在基础设施领域的核心职能，联合国项目事务署正协助合作伙伴设计、建造、修复和维护符合社区需求、支撑国家发展重点的基础设施，确保其与联合国可持续发展目标及《巴黎协定》保持高度协同。

　　AI的下一程：机遇、风险与包容性治理

　　莫雷拉•达席尔瓦强调，清洁能源转型与AI的兴起密切相关。他指出，全球数据中心对能源的需求将显著增加，但同时AI也为降低能源行业成本、提升竞争力、减少排放提供了重要机遇。莫雷拉•达席尔瓦指出，一份新的联合国报告强调，尽管人工智能为发展带来了重大机遇，但各国在把握其效益和管理风险方面处于极不平等的起跑线上。他进一步表示，占世界人口55%以上的亚太地区正处于这一转型的核心位置，并警示道：若缺乏合乎伦理且包容的治理，AI可能通过扩大经济、技能和治理体系等方面的差距，加剧全球不平等。

　　莫雷拉•达席尔瓦主张，我们必须将创新和技术作为促进包容而非割裂的工具。他强调，从数据系统到AI的数字解决方案，为扩大服务覆盖面和加速可持续发展提供了强大机遇。然而莫雷拉•达席尔瓦同时强调，必须以公平为核心，对这些技术进行负责任的管理。

　　弥合全球治理缺口：构建以实施为核心的可持续发展新范式

　　莫雷拉•达席尔瓦指出，政策和资金缺口固然阻碍了可持续发展目标的推进，但同样严峻的实施缺口却长期被忽视，未获应有的关注。他指出，雄心壮志与为社区提供切实成果的集体能力之间，存在日益扩大的鸿沟。莫雷拉•达席尔瓦认为，资金困境仍是症结所在：国际金融秩序碎片横生、不公依旧，难以匹配今日挑战的复合性与紧迫性。由此，资源迟迟无法流向最需要的角落——那些脆弱、易受气候重创的国家，其发展成果正面临最严峻的回潮风险。

　　莫雷拉•达席尔瓦进一步指出，许多处于气候危机前沿的发展中国家正更深地陷入债务驱动的发展危机。他强调，若不改革全球金融秩序，实现气候与发展目标将无从谈起。然而，莫雷拉•达席尔瓦认为，将焦点转向实施环节同样至关重要。他主张，我们必须超越短期项目周期，投资于能够帮助各国可持续地规划、筹资和实施的管理体系。这意味着要加强制度建设，支持国家能力发展，并确保每一分支出都能构建长期韧性、降低脆弱性。

　　莫雷拉•达席尔瓦着重指出，UNOPS的核心承诺正是围绕实施环节展开。他通过日常观察看到，切实的实施支持能够带来显著改变。UNOPS通过其工作，帮助各国设计和提供具备韧性、可持续且包容的基础设施；建立透明高效的采购体系；并发展有效管理复杂项目所需的技术与制度能力。莫雷拉•达席尔瓦表示，通过这样的工作，UNOPS为可持续发展扎根和繁荣创造了条件。

　　展望未来，莫雷拉•达席尔瓦呼吁把“风险驱动的韧性”置于核心：基础设施与系统必须经得住冲击、扛得下压力。基于自然、低碳的方案，是同时破解气候与发展难题的钥匙。数字化浪潮呼啸而来，也为公共投资与服务带来前所未有的透明、问责和效率。归根结底，全球须以更紧密的团结作答——唯有共享工具、共筹资源、共筑伙伴，发展中国家才能稳稳托起属于自己的可持续未来。

　　全球气候行动中的中国角色与南南合作新机遇

　　莫雷拉·达席尔瓦强调了全球共同应对气候变化和推动可持续发展的紧迫性，指出中国在加速实现可持续发展目标进程中的作用至关重要。他表示，UNOPS致力于支持包容性发展、气候韧性和可持续解决方案。莫雷拉·达席尔瓦特别指出，中国是UNOPS重要的发展合作伙伴，双方多年来携手深化南南合作。随着伙伴关系持续拓展，UNOPS期待将共同愿景转化为协同行动，推动绿色、包容、有韧性的发展，为可持续发展目标作出实质性贡献。

　　以下为英文原文：

The Transformative Opportunity in Infrastructure Decision-Making: Aligning Climate Goals with Development Needs

Moreira da Silva emphasizes that infrastructure is responsible for an estimated 79% of all greenhouse gas emissions and 88% of all adaptation costs, while also underpinning the SDGs by influencing up to 92% of their targets. Moreira da Silva points out that to meet the Paris Agreement and the SDGs, immediate and radical change is required in how infrastructure is planned, delivered, and managed. In Moreira da Silva's view, the infrastructure choices made today will determine whether communities can drive a more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive world.

Moreira da Silva believes there is a unique opportunity now to align infrastructure decisions with global and national climate goals. This entails integrating inclusive and rights-based climate action that advances adaptation, accelerates the transition to a low-carbon future, and ensures no one is left behind. Moreira da Silva further notes that natural infrastructure solutions can help address sustainable development challenges and the triple planetary crisis, as nature-based solutions can influence up to 79% of SDG targets across all 17 Goals.

Moreira da Silva underscores that infrastructure is key to the clean energy transition, highlighting the clear need to reduce its carbon footprint and support the decarbonization of sectors such as energy, transport, and buildings. Moreira da Silva states that UNOPS is committed to the collaborative effort required to provide access to energy for all, supporting implementation actions to transition away from fossil fuels in a just, inclusive, and equitable way. Finally, Moreira da Silva points out that with its core mandate in infrastructure, UNOPS helps partners design, construct, rehabilitate, and maintain infrastructure that responds to community needs and supports national development priorities, in line with the SDGs and the Paris Agreement on climate change.

The Next Phase of AI: Navigating Opportunities, Risks, and Inclusive Governance

Moreira da Silva emphasizes that the clean energy transition is closely tied with the rise of AI. He points out that data centres around the world will have significantly increased energy needs, yet AI also holds major opportunities to cut costs, enhance competitiveness, and reduce emissions across the energy sector. Moreira da Silva highlights a new UN report that while AI offers major opportunities for development, countries are starting from vastly unequal positions in capturing its benefits and managing its risks. Moreira da Silva further notes that Asia and the Pacific - home to over 55% of the world's population - sit at the heart of this transition, and warns that without ethical and inclusive governance, AI could deepen global inequality by widening gaps in economies, skills, and governance systems.

Moreira da Silva believes we must embrace innovation and technology as tools for inclusion, not division. He stresses that digital solutions, from data systems to artificial intelligence, offer powerful opportunities to expand access to services and accelerate sustainable development. However, Moreira da Silva underscores that they must be governed responsibly, with equity at the centre of such governance.

Bridging the Global Governance Gap: Forging a New Implementation-Centered Paradigm for Sustainable Development

Moreira da Silva emphasizes that while policy and financing gaps clearly hinder progress towards the SDGs, a significant implementation gap also persists without receiving due attention. He points out that there is a widening divide between ambitions and the collective capacity to deliver tangible results for communities. In Moreira da Silva's view, finance remains a key issue, as the international financial architecture is fragmented, inequitable, and ill-suited to the integrated nature of today's challenges. Consequently, resources do not flow where they are most needed—particularly to fragile and climate-vulnerable states, where development gains face the greatest risk of reversal.

Moreira da Silva further notes that many developing countries on the frontline of the climate crisis are sinking deeper into a debt-driven development crisis. He stresses that delivering on climate and development goals will be impossible without reforming global financial structures. However, Moreira da Silva believes it is equally crucial to shift focus toward implementation. He argues that we must move beyond short-term project cycles and invest in systems that enable countries to plan, finance, and implement sustainably. This means strengthening institutions, supporting national capacities, and ensuring that every dollar spent builds long-term resilience and reduces vulnerability.

Moreira da Silva highlights that at UNOPS, the commitment is firmly centered on implementation. He has seen daily how practical implementation support can make a meaningful difference. Through its work, UNOPS helps countries design and deliver resilient, sustainable, and inclusive infrastructure; establish transparent and efficient procurement systems; and develop the technical and institutional capacities needed to manage complex projects effectively. In doing so, Moreira da Silva notes that UNOPS helps create the conditions for sustainable development to take root and flourish.

Looking ahead, Moreira da Silva underscores the need to redouble focus on risk-informed and resilient development, where infrastructure and systems are designed to withstand shocks and stresses. He also emphasizes that nature-based and low-carbon solutions are key to addressing both climate and development challenges. At the same time, with digital transformation accelerating, Moreira da Silva points to the opportunity to strengthen transparency, accountability, and efficiency in public investment and service delivery. Ultimately, however, Moreira da Silva asserts that greater global solidarity is essential - so that developing countries have the tools, resources, and partnerships needed to drive their own sustainable futures.

China's Role in Global Climate Action and New Opportunities for South-South Cooperation

Moreira da Silva emphasizes the urgent need for joint global climate action and sustainable development, noting that China's role is pivotal in accelerating progress toward the SDGs. He points out that UNOPS is committed to supporting inclusive development, climate resilience, and sustainable solutions. Moreira da Silva underscores that China is a valued development partner for UNOPS, highlighting years of collaborative efforts to strengthen south-south cooperation. He adds that as the partnership continues to expand, we look forward to turning shared aspirations into concerted actions, advancing green, inclusive, and resilient development, and contributing meaningfully to the SDGs.

　　Hehson财经ESG评级中心简介

　　Hehson财经ESG评级中心是业内首个中文ESG专业资讯和评级聚合平台，致力于宣传和推广可持续发展，责任投资，与ESG（环境、社会和公司治理）价值理念，传播ESG的企业实践行动和榜样力量，推动中国ESG事业的发展，促进中国ESG评估标准的建立和企业评级的提升。

　　依托ESG评级中心，Hehson财经发布多只ESG创新指数，为关注企业ESG表现的投资者提供更多选择。同时，Hehson财经成立中国ESG领导者组织论坛，携手中国ESG领导企业和合作伙伴，通过环境、社会和公司治理理念，推动建立适合中国时代特征的ESG评价标准体系，促进中国资产管理行业ESG投资发展。