本文主要介绍数据结构“树(tree)”的几种常见的遍历方式,同时给出相应的示例代码。
与线性数据结构(如数组、链表、队列、栈)只有一种遍历逻辑方法不同,树可以通过不同的方法进行遍历。
常见的树的遍历方法包括:中序遍历(InOrder Traversal)、前序遍历(PreOrder Traversal)及后序遍历(PostOrder Traversal)。
下图给出了这几种遍历方法访问到节点的顺序:
前序遍历的算法实现为:
1. Visit the root;
2. Traverse the left subtree, i.e., call Preorder(left->subtree);
3. Traverse the right subtree, i.e., call Preorder(right->subtree) .
前序遍历可用于创建树的拷贝,同时也可用于获取表达树的前缀表达式。
下面通过一道leetcode题来演示前序遍历的代码。
题目信息:
Given the root of an n-ary tree, return the preorder traversal of its nodes' values.
Nary-Tree input serialization is represented in their level order traversal. Each group of children is separated by the null value (See examples).
Example:
Input: root = [1,null,3,2,4,null,5,6]
Output: [1,3,5,6,2,4]
解法:
此题可通过递归法以“Depth-First Search”方式解决,相关代码如下:
/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public:int val;vector children;Node() {}Node(int _val) {val = _val;}Node(int _val, vector _children) {val = _val;children = _children;}
};
*/class Solution {
public:vector preorder(Node* root) {vector result;traverse(root, result);return result;}private:// traverse tree elements recursivelyvoid traverse(Node* root, vector& result) {// if root is emptyif (nullptr == root) {return;}// store the root of the tree firstresult.push_back(root->val);// store the children of the treefor (auto node:(root->children)) {traverse(node, result);}return;}
};